COVID-19: quais motivos levaram os pacientes a procurarem pronto atendimento oftalmológico durante a pandemia? / COVID-19: what reasons led patients to seek emergency care during the pandemic?

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o motivo pelo qual pacientes procuraram o pronto atendimento oftalmológico durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos Estudo de corte transversal, retrospectivo, realizado a partir da análise de prontuários de pacientes atendidos em um pronto atendimento oftalmológico de um serviço privado da cidade de Santos (SP) entre 11 de março de 2020 e 16 de julho de 2020. Resultados Foram atendidos 386 pacientes no período analisado. A maior parte das consultas (60,36%) deu-se a pessoas do sexo feminino. Pessoas da faixa etária entre 19 e 59 anos foram as que mais procuraram o pronto atendimento (57,25%). Ao se considerar a profissão desses pacientes, estudantes e aposentados apresentaram a mesma proporção (10,26%) seguidos de pessoas do lar (6,99%). Do total de casos atendidos, 59 pacientes foram diagnosticados com conjuntivite, enquanto 58 tiveram diagnóstico de traumatismo de olho e órbita. Conclusão No período analisado, o pronto atendimento oftalmológico recebeu, predominantemente, mulheres na faixa etária entre 19 e 59 anos, e os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram de conjuntivite e trauma.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the reason why patients sought emergency eye care during the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on the analysis of medical records of patients seen at an ophthalmology emergency department of a private service in the city of Santos (SP) between March 11, 2020 and July 16, 2020. Results A total of 386 patients were seen in the analyzed period. Most appointments (60.36%) were attended by women. People between 19 and 59 years old were the ones who most sought the emergency room (57.25%). When considering the profession of these patients, students and retired people presented the same proportion (10.26%), followed by housewives (6.99%). Of the total number of cases seen, 59 patients were diagnosed with conjunctivitis, while 58 were diagnosed with eye and orbit trauma. Conclusion In the analyzed period, the ophthalmology emergency care predominantly received women in the age group between 19 and 59 years old, and the most frequent diagnoses were conjunctivitis and trauma.

Firearm-associated ocular injuries: analysis of national trauma data / Lesões oculares relacionadas a armas de fogo: análise de dados nacionais de traumas nos EUA

ABSTRACT Purpose: The United States of America has the highest gun ownership rate of all high-income nations, and firearms have been identified as a leading cause of ocular trauma and visual impairment. The purpose of this study was to characterize firearm-associated ocular injury and identify at-risk groups. Methods: Patients admitted with firearm-associated ocular injury were identified from the National Trauma Data Bank (2008-2014) using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic codes and E-codes for external causes. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 24 software. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Of the 235,254 patients, 8,715 (3.7%) admitted with firearm-associated trauma had ocular injuries. Mean (standard deviation) age was 33.8 (16.9) years. Most were males (85.7%), White (46.6%), and from the South (42.9%). Black patients comprised 35% of cases. Common injuries were orbital fractures (38.6%) and open globe injuries (34.7%). Frequent locations of injury were at home (43.8%) and on the street (21.4%). Black patients had the highest risk of experiencing assault (odds ratio [OR]: 9.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.02-10.11; p<0.001) and street location of injury (OR: 3.05; 95% CI: 2.74-3.39; p<0.001), while White patients had the highest risk of self-­inflicted injury (OR: 10.53; 95% CI: 9.39-11.81; p<0.001) and home location of injury (OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 3.33-3.98; p<0.001). There was a steadily increasing risk of self-inflicted injuries with age peaking in those >80 years (OR: 12.01; 95% CI: 7.49-19.23; p<0.001). Mean (standard deviation) Glasgow Coma Scale and injury severity scores were 10 (5.5) and 18.6 (13.0), respectively. Most injuries (53.1%) were classified as severe or very severe injury, 64.6% had traumatic brain injury, and mortality occurred in 16% of cases. Conclusion: Most firearm-associated ocular injuries occurred in young, male, White, and Southern patients. Blacks were disproportionally affected. Most firearm-associated ocular injuries were sight-­threatening and associated with traumatic brain injury. The majority survived, with potential long-term disabilities. The demographic differences identified in this study may represent potential targets for prevention.

RESUMO Objetivo: Os Estados Unidos têm a maior taxa de posse de armas de fogo de todos os países de alta renda e essas armas foram identificados como uma das maiores causas de trauma ocular e deficiência visual. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as lesões oculares associadas a armas de fogo e identificar grupos de risco. Métodos: Foram identificados pacientes hospitalizados com lesões oculares associadas a armas de fogo no período de 2008 a 2014, a partir do Banco de Dados Nacional de Trauma (National Trauma Data Bank), usando os códigos de diagnósticos da CID9MC e códigos "E" para causas externas. A análise estatística foi efetuada usando o programa SPSS. O nível de significância considerado foi de p<0,05. Resultados: De um total de 235.254 pacientes hospitalizados com trauma associado a armas de fogo, 8.715 (3,7%) tinham lesões oculares. A média de idade foi de 33,8 (DP 16,9) anos. A maioria foi de homens (85,7%), brancos (46,6%) e da região Sul (42,9%); 35% dos pacientes eram negros. As lesões mais comuns foram fraturas de órbita (38,6%) e lesões de globo aberto (34,7%). Os locais mais frequentes foram a residência (43,8%) e a rua (21,4%). Pacientes negros tiveram maior probabilidade de sofrer agressões (RP=9,0, IC 95%=8,02-10,11; p<0,001) e da ocorrência ser na rua (RP=3,05, IC 95%=2,74-3,39; p<0,001), enquanto pacientes brancos tiveram maior probabilidade de lesões autoprovocadas (RP=10,53, IC 95%=9,39-11,81; p<0,001) e da ocorrência ser na residência (RP=3,64, IC 95%=3,33-3,98; p<0,001). A probabilidade de lesões autoprovocadas aumentou com a idade de forma consistente, atingindo o máximo em pacientes com mais de 80 anos (RP=12,01, IC 95%=7,49-19,23; p<0,001). A pontuação média na escala de coma de Glasgow foi 10 (DP 5,5) e na escala de severidade da lesão foi 18,6 (DP 13,0). A maioria das lesões (53,1%) foi classificada como severa ou muito severa. Dentre os pacientes, 64,6% tiveram lesão cerebral traumática e 16% evoluíram a óbito. Conclusão: A maior parte das lesões oculares relacionadas a armas de fogo ocorreu em pacientes jovens, do sexo masculino, brancos e sulistas. Negros foram afetados desproporcionalmente. A maior parte das lesões oculares relacionadas a armas de fogo apresentou riscos à visão e foi associada a lesões cerebrais traumáticas. A maioria dos pacientes sobreviveu, mas com potencial para invalidez no longo prazo. As diferenças demográficas identificadas podem ser potencialmente alvos de ações preventivas.

Patterns of ocular trauma in elderly patients in an urban population-the Bronx experience / Padrões de trauma ocular em pacientes idosos em uma população urbana - a experiência de Bronx

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of ocular injuries among elderly patients admitted to an urban level I trauma center because of major trauma from 2008 to 2015. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients aged >65 years admitted with ocular injuries that were identified with ICD-9 codes. Tabulated data were analyzed using the Student's paired t-test, the chi-squared test, and regression analysis using STATA/MP-12 software. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Of a total of 861 patients, 221 (25.7%) admitted for major trauma and ocular injuries were elderly. The mean age of these patients was 80.3 years (median =79.2 years; interquartile range=63.8-94.6 years). Of these patients, 40.7% were males and 59.3% were females. The males were younger than the females (mean age, 77.3 vs. 82.4 years, respectively, p<0.001). Race was documented as white (30.8%), black (13.6%), and "other" (54.3%), with 67.5% of the "other" group (36.7% overall) identified as Hispanic. The most frequent injuries were contusion of the eye/adnexa (68.2%), orbital wall fractures (22.2%), and an open wound of the ocular adnexa (18.1%). Males had a 2.64-fold greater risk of orbital wall fractures (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.38-5.05, p<0.003). Patients with orbital wall fractures had higher injury severity scores than those without (95% CI=14.1-20.9 vs. 6.8-8.6, respectively, p<0.001). The most common injuries were falls (77.8%) and pedestrian/motor vehicle accidents (6.8%). Falls occurred mostly at home (51.7%), on the street (13.9%), and in hospitals/nursing homes (12.2%). Those falling at home were older than those falling at other locations (95% CI=81.8-85.4 vs. 77.0-80.6 years, respectively, p<0.002). Conclusions: Ocular injuries in elderly Bronx patients most commonly occurred in females due to falls in the home/nursing home setting. Public health measures addressing identifiable individual and environmental risks in these common locations would be most beneficial in reducing the incidence of ocular injuries in this population.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as características das lesões oculares de idosos nas internações por grandes traumatismos em um centro urbano de trauma nível I de 2008 a 2015. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes com mais de 65 anos internados com lesões oculares identificados com os códigos CID-9. Os dados tabulados foram analisados com o teste t de Student, teste qui-quadrado e análise de regressão, utilizando o software STATA/MP-12. A significância estatística foi fixada em p<0,05. Resultados: Duzentos e vinte e um (25,7%) pacientes de um total de 861, admitidos por traumatismo craniano importante e lesões oculares, eram idosos. A idade média era de 80,3 anos (mediana=79,2; intervalo interquartil=63,8-94,6). 40,7% eram do sexo masculino e 59,3% do feminino. Os homens eram menos idosos (média=77,3) do que as mulheres (média=82,4), p<0,001. A raça foi documentada como branca (30,8%), negra (13,6%) e "outra" (54,3%); 67,5% dos "outros" (36,7% no geral) identificados como hispânicos. As lesões mais frequentes foram contusão do olho/anexos (68,2%), fraturas da parede orbital (22,2%) e ferida aberta dos anexos oculares (18,1%). Os homens tiveram 2,64 mais chances de fraturas da parede orbital (95% CI=1,38-5,05; p<0,003). Pacientes com fraturas da parede orbital tiveram maiores escores de gravidade da lesão (95% CI=14,1-20,9) do que aqueles sem fraturas (96% IC=6,8-8,6), p<0,001. Os mecanismos comuns foram quedas (77,8%) e acidentes a pé com veículos automotores (6,8%). As quedas ocorreram principal mente em casa (51,7%), na rua (13,9%) e em hospitais/lares de idosos (12,2%). Aqueles que caíram em casa eram mais velhos (IC 95%=81,8-85,4) do que os que tiveram quedas em outros locais (IC 95%=77,0-80,6), p<0,002. Conclusões: Lesões oculares em pacientes idosos de Bronx foram mais comuns no sexo feminino e devido a quedas que ocorreram em casa/lar de idosos. Medidas de saúde pública direcionadas a riscos individuais e ambientais identificáveis nesses locais comuns seriam mais benéficas na redução de lesões oculares nessa população.

Frequency and determinants of ocular trauma in the Kimpese Rural Health Zone, Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of Congo

Context and objective. Ocular trauma is very common and its etiological factors vary by region and age group. This study aims to describe the magnitude and determinants of ocular trauma complications in rural areas. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted for ocular trauma at Kimpese Hospital between January 2014 and December 2016. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of ocular trauma complications. The statistical significance level is p˂ 0.05. Results. A total of 223 patients were included. The majority of participants were men (69.5%), over 18 years of age (70%), with poor visual acuity (57.8%) and bilateral ocular involvement (51.1%). Plant objects (44.8%) and metal objects (15.2%) were the most common traumatic agents. After treatment, an improvement in visual acuity was observed in 64.3% of patients with previously poor visual acuity (p < 0.001). The delay of care > 7 days [aOR: 2.286 (95% CI: 1.302-4.012), p=0.004] and the poor visual acuity on admission [aOR: 5.906 (95% CI: 3.231-10.796), p< 0.0001] emerged as determinants of the onset of complications. Conclusion. Awareness-raising efforts for early consultation after ocular trauma and integration of eye care at the primary level should be promoted for efficiency in care

Iridodiálisis y catarata como resultado de un trauma ocular / Iridodialysis and cataract as a result of eye trauma

RESUMEN Los traumas oculares son motivo de consulta de alta incidencia en los Servicios de Urgencias. Estos pueden producir daños devastadores para la anatomía y la fisiología del globo ocular. Muchas lesiones pueden ser provocadas por ellos, entre las que se encuentran las iridodiálisis. Muchas veces estas no requieren tratamiento por ser de pequeña magnitud, pero cuando su tamaño es mediano o grande sí requieren de una cirugía bastante compleja para solucionarla. A veces se deben combinar varias técnicas quirúrgicas para lograr el objetivo final de restablecer nuevamente y de la mejor manera la anatomía del globo ocular. El caso que se presenta es un paciente joven de 20 años de edad, quien recibió un trauma ocular a globo cerrado en el ojo derecho, el cual le provocó dos iridodiálisis grandes y una catarata traumática. Para solucionarlo se repararon primero las iridodiálisis utilizando una técnica de McCannell en ambos casos; después se realizó la facoemulsificación de la catarata traumática con implante de lente intraocular, y por último se realizó una pupiloplastia mediante la técnica del nudo deslizante de Siepser. De esta manera, y mediante la combinación de ambas técnicas, se logra solucionar el caso y que el paciente recupere la agudeza visual y su total incorporación a su vida cotidiana(AU)

ABSTRACT Eye trauma is a very common reason for attendance to emergency services. Eye trauma may cause devastating damage to the anatomy and physiology of the eyeball. Iridodialysis is one of the many injuries that may be caused by eye trauma. On many occasions iridodialysis does not require any treatment due to its small size, but when it is medium-sized or large it does require quite complex surgery. At times several surgical techniques should be combined to achieve the final goal of restoring eyeball anatomy in the best way. A case is presented of a male 20-year-old patient who underwent closed-globe trauma of his right eye resulting in two large iridodialyses and a traumatic cataract. The iridodialyses were repaired first using the McCannell technique in both cases. Then phacoemulsification of the traumatic cataract was performed with intraocular lens implantation. Finally pupilloplasty was conducted by the Siepser sliding knot technique. In this manner, and by combining the two techniques, the case was solved; the patient recovered visual acuity and was totally reintegrated into his daily activities(AU)

Pediatric traumatic cataract review: origin of the trauma / Catarata traumática pediátrica: origem do trauma

Abstract Objective: To identify the main causes of traumatic cataracts in childhood, based on a scientific review. Methods: Review in Lilacs, Pubmed, Cochrane, Bireme and Sciencedirect databases for the keywords: infant cataract, traumatic cataract, child, pediatrics, low vision, blindness, cause, incidence, ocular trauma. Results: Seventy-two (72) articles on traumatic cataract were found. From these, 17 presented tables relating the cause of ocular trauma to the formation of cataract in pediatrics. This article presents the main findings and analysis of the topic in the literature. Conclusion: The traumas etiologies which were most prominent in the studies analyzed were pointed objects such as cuttings, splinters and wood stick. Boys were more affected and there was a relation with practice of internal and external activities of domicile, in rural and urban zones.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar as principais causas das cataratas traumáticas na infância, baseado numa revisão científica. Métodos: Pesquisa nas bases de dados Lilacs, Pubmed, Cochrane, Bireme e Sciencedirect com as palavras- chave: catarata infantil, catarata traumática, criança, pediatria, baixa visão, cegueira, causa, incidência, trauma ocular. Resultados: Foram encontrados setenta e dois (72) artigos sobre catarata traumática. Destes, 17 apresentaram tabelas relacionando a causa do trauma ocular com a formação de catarata em pediatria. Este artigo apresenta os principais achados e análise do tema na literatura. Conclusão: As etiologias dos traumas que apresentaram maior destaque nos estudos analisados foram com objetos pontiagudos como estaca, lascas e graveto de madeira. Meninos foram mais acometidos e houve relação com prática de atividades internas e externas ao domicilio, em zona rural e urbana.

Registro de trauma ocular Colombiano (ReTOC). Primer reporte / Colombian eye injury registry (ReTOC). First report

Introducción: el trauma ocular constituye una causa importante de morbilidad visual en todo el mundo. Se estima que 55 millones de traumas oculares ocurren cada año a pesar de ser prevenibles en la mayoría de los casos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfi l clínico y epidemiológico de los pacientes con trauma ocular, en diferentes ciudades de Colombia, entre junio de 2013 y enero de 2018. Diseño del estudio: observacional descriptivo, estudio transversal. Método: es un estudio observacional, descriptivo, cuya población objetivo fueron pacientes con trauma ocular, atendidos en diferentes centros y hospitales en Colombia, por los servicios de retina entre junio de 2013 y enero de 2018. Se diseñó un formulario de preguntas por medio de Google forms y se analizaron diferentes variables, apoyándonos en el Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System. Los datos fueron llenados principalmente por retinólogos. Resultados: se recolectaron datos de 619 pacientes entre junio 2013 y enero 2018, el rango de edad fue entre 16-30 años, en su mayoría hombres. La ciudad en donde se registraron la mayoría de los pacientes fue Cali. El compromiso de la agudeza visual (AV) fue severo en la mayoría de los casos (MM-PL) y el mecanismo más común fue el accidente laboral. La lesión más registrada fue la contusión ocular. La mayoría de los pacientes no usaba protección al momento del trauma. Conclusión: el trauma ocular se presentó más comúnmente en hombres, jóvenes en accidentes de tipo laboral. Presentaron compromiso severo de la AV, predominando la visión de MM a PL. Es el primer reporte de un estudio de sus características en Colombia, dando recomendaciones específicas al ministerio de salud y estimulando al registro de más datos a nivel nacional para lograr prevenir las causas más importantes de trauma.

Background: eye trauma is an important cause of visual morbidity worldwide. An estimated 55 million eye traumas occur each year despite being preventable in most cases. 3% of these lead to blindness. Objective: to characterize the clinical and epidemiological profi le of patients with ocular trauma, in diff erent cities of Colombia, between June 2013 and January 2018. Study design: cross-sectional. Method: it is an observational, descriptive study, whose target population was patients with ocular trauma, attended in different centers and hospitals in Colombia, for retina services between June 2013 and January 2018. A question form was designed using Google forms and diff erent variables were analyzed, based on the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System. The data was filled mainly by retinologists, who receive patients referred from the emergency department. Results: data were collected from 619 patients between June 2013 and January 2018, the most common age range was between 16-30 years, mostly men. The city where the majority of patients registered was in Cali. The commitment of visual acuity was severe in most cases (MM-PL). The most common mechanism of trauma was the occupational accident and the most common lesion was ocular contusion. Most patients did not use protection at the time of the trauma. Conclusion: ocular trauma occurs most commonly in men, young people and in work-related accidents. They presented severe compromise of visual acuity, predominantly the vision of MM to PL. It is the fi rst report of a study of its characteristics in Colombia, giving specifi c recommendations to the ministry of health and encouraging the registry of more data at a national level to prevent the most important causes of trauma.

Perfil do trauma ocular infantil em unidade de emergência oftalmológica / Profile of childhood eye trauma in an ophthalmologic emergency

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o perfil do trauma ocular infantil em unidade de emergência oftalmológica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal, revisando prontuários de pacientes até 15 anos em hospital de referência em urgência oftalmológica no período de Abril de 2016 a Março de 2017. Foram coletadas informações do paciente e da história do trauma, agente causador e detalhes envolvidos. No exame oftalmológico, foi verificada a acuidade visual, descrição das lesões e o tipo de conduta realizada. Resultados: Um total de 78 pacientes, 80 olhos foram inclusos. O olho direito foi o menos acometido. Dois pacientes apresentaram afecção bilateral. Cinquenta pacientes (64%) deram entrada pelo sistema único de saúde (SUS). A faixa etária com maior número de casos estava entre 1 a 5 anos. Em relação ao local do acidente, em 42 pacientes ocorreram em ambiente domiciliar. Quanto à lesão ocular envolvida, a maioria dos pacientes apresentaram abrasão corneana como principal tipo de lesão. Sobre a natureza do fator causal do trauma mostrou maior prevalência de traumas com lápis e caneta (14%), bola (13%) e agressão física (19%). Em relação à acuidade visual, 39 pacientes (50%), referiram baixa acuidade visual no olho acometido. Sessenta e nove pacientes (89%) tiveram seguimento exclusivamente ambulatorial. Dois pacientes evoluíram para evisceração ocular. Conclusões: Os acidentes aconteceram mais frequentemente em ambiente domiciliar sendo o trauma fechado a lesão predominante. Sexo masculino representou a maioria dos pacientes inclusos no estudo. A análise epidemiológica do trauma ocular infantil permite elaboração de medidas preventivas baseado no conhecimento dos fatores causais envolvidos.

Abstract Objective: To describe the profile of childhood eye trauma in an ophthalmologic emergency unit. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study reviewing medical records of patients under 15 years of age at a referral hospital in the ophthalmologic emergency sector from April 2016 to March 2017. Information was collected from the patient and the history of the trauma, the type of trauma and details involved. Ophthalmologic exam was performed, visual acuity, lesions description and type of conduct were verified. Results: A total of 78 patients, 80 eyes were included. The right eye was the least affected. Two patients presented bilateral affection. Fifty patients (64%) were admitted through the single health system (SUS). The age group with the highest number of cases was between 1 and 5 years. Regarding the location of the accident, in 42 patients occurred in a home environment. Regarding the ocular lesion involved, most of the patients presented corneal abrasion as the main type of lesion. On the nature of the causal factor of the trauma showed a greater prevalence of traumas with external agents like pencil and pen (14%), ball (13%) and physical aggression (19%). Regarding visual acuity, 39 patients (50%) reported low visual acuity in the affected eye. Sixty-nine patients (89%) had exclusively clinical follow-up. Two patients were referred for ocular evisceration. Conclusions: Accidents occurred more frequently in the home environment and closed globe injuries where predominated. Ocular trauma was more frequent among boys. Programs of education and prevention for ocular trauma in childhood are necessary.

Profil des traumatismes oculo - palpébraux en zone d'insécurité à l'extrême Nord du Cameroun

Buts. Établir le profil épidémiologique et clinique des traumatisés oculaires et ou palpébraux victimes de la guerre qui oppose l'État du Cameroun à la secte terroriste Boko Haram dans la région de l'Extrême Nord. Patients et Méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive de Janvier 2015 à Juin 2016 sur les lieux de conflit et à l'Hôpital d'Instruction, d'Application et de Référence des Armées de Yaoundé (HIARAY) de niveau 3. Les paramètres étudiés aussi bien pour les civils que pour les militaires portaient sur les données épidémiologiques et cliniques, les mécanismes lésionnels, la fonction visuelle. Pour les militaires, nous avons aussi évalué l'impact professionnel. Résultats. Pendant 18 mois, 24 cas de traumatismes oculaires et ou palpébraux ont été observés pour 29 yeux atteints. Quinze (62,50%) cas étaient des militaires et 9 (37,50%) des civils. La moyenne d'âge était de 29,29 ± 5,31 (extrêmes : 18 à 58) ans et le sex ratio de 7 H/F. Seize yeux étaient droits avec une acuité visuelle moyenne sans correction supérieure à 3/10 et 13 gauches à 4/10. Les principales lésions retrouvées étaient : les plaies palpébrales, 10 (34,48%) cas ; la cataracte, 5 (17,24%) ; les éclatements du globe, 5 (17,24%) ; les hémorragies intra oculaires, 5 (17,24%) ; les plaies de cornée, 5 (17,24%) et les corps étrangers intra oculaires, 4 (13,79%). Les explosions de mines artisanales (21/29), les accidents de circulation (06/29) et les armes à feu (02/29) étaient les mécanismes responsables. Dix-neuf personnes avaient une atteinte unilatérale et cinq une atteinte bilatérale. Le taux de cécité monoculaire était évalué à 37,92%, binoculaire à 6,89% soit 44,82% au total et celui de malvoyance à 62,06%. Les 15 militaires atteints ont été réformés. Conclusion. Les traumatismes oculaires en zone de conflit sont graves et dramatiques pour les personnes atteintes. Leur réparation par le chirurgien ophtalmologue est par ailleurs difficile. Des matériels de protection à type de casque avec visière et des lunettes balistiques permettraient d'en réduire la fréquence

Frequency and causes of ocular trauma among children attending Mulago Hospital Eye Department

Background: Ocular trauma is a frequent and avoidable cause of visual impairment. Injuries range from a small corneal epithelial abrasion to pen­etrating and globe rupture leading to blindness or poor vision. Hospital based studies of eye trauma indicate that about two thirds of those affected are male, predominantly children and young adults with injuries by sticks, stones, and metallic objects being the most.Objective: To examine the frequency, pattern and causes of ocular trauma among children at Mulago hospital using a hospital based descriptive cross- sectional study. Results: Of the 161 children seen with ocular trauma, 45.9% were aged 0-5 years, 32.3% were aged >5-12 years and 21.8% were aged >12-17years; the male to female ratio was 2.1. Sticks were the commonest agent of injury. The most common places of trauma was in the home and school, and the commonest activity at occurrence of injuries was playing and fighting. Only 2.5% of cases presented to the hospital within 24 hours. About a quarter presented with immediate visual acuity better than 6/18, while 19.2% presented with visual acuity worse than 6/18-6/60, and 44% presented with visual acuity worse than 6/60-NPL.Conclusion: The frequency of ocular trauma amongst children attending Mulago Hospital is high, one in every five children seen at the eye clinics had ocular trauma

Epidemiological and occupational profile of eye trauma at a referral center in Espírito Santo, Brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos e trabalhistas do trauma ocular em um centro de referência no Espírito Santo, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To draw an epidemiological and occupational profile of eye trauma at a Brazilian referral center, make comparisons with the literature and provide subsidies for the adoption of adequate prevention and enforcement measures. Methods: Descriptive and prospective epidemiological study using a standardized questionnaire to collect data from 60 patients presenting with eye trauma at an ophthalmology service (HUCAM) between 1 april 2013 and 1 october 2013. Results: The male gender was predominant (80%). Ages ranged from 8 to 60 years. Most accidents (56.7%) occurred in the workplace, followed by the home (28.3%). Most injuries were closed, predominantly contusions, followed by foreign body on the external eye. Importantly, 82.9% of the victims of work-related trauma wore no eye protection at the time of the accident. Conclusions: Eye trauma in the workplace and elsewhere is an important problem of public health as it affects primarily the economically active population and may have serious consequences. A considerable proportion of eye trauma is easily avoidable by using personal protective equipment. To minimize the incidence of eye trauma, more attention should be given to instruction in and enforcement of the use of such equipment, supported by frequent prevention campaigns.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os aspectos trabalhistas e epidemiológicos regionais envolvidos no trauma ocular, comparar os dados obtidos com os já publicados na literatura e fornecer subsídios para a elaboração de medidas de prevenção e fiscalização adequadas. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, prospectivo, realizado no serviço de Oftalmologia do HUCAM, em 60 pacientes com trauma ocular, no período de 01 de abril a 01 de outubro de 2013, quando foram colhidos dados, por meio de questionário padronizado. Resultados: Houve predomínio de indivíduos do sexo masculino (80%) e em sua maioria os pacientes tinham idades que variavam entre 8 e 60 anos. Predominaram os acidentes no ambiente de trabalho (56,7%) seguido dos acidentes domiciliares (28,3%). A maioria dos traumas foi do tipo fechado, com predomínio das contusões seguidas pelo corpo estranho na superfície ocular. Observou-se também que 82,9% dos pacientes que tiveram o trauma no ambiente de trabalho não usavam o equipamento de proteção individual. Conclusões: Trauma ocular é um importante problema de saúde pública, pois acomete principalmente a população economicamente ativa e pode ter graves consequências. Grande parte destes acidentes poderiam ser facilmente preveni-da através do uso apropriado de equipamentos de proteção individual. Desta forma, orientação, fiscalização para o fornecimento e uso dos EPIs e campanhas de prevenção são importantes para redução desses acidentes.

Traumatismes oculaires suite à un accident du travail : étude bicentrique à Antananarivo

Introduction : Les traumatismes oculaires peuvent être graves et entraîner une cécité même avec une prise en charge spécialisée. Cette étude visait une détermination des aspects épidémio-cliniques des traumatismes oculaires au décours d'un accident du travail. Méthodes : Etude rétrospective descriptive sur une période d'une année allant de janvier à décembre 2013, portant sur 215 cas de patients victimes de traumatisme oculaire suite à un accident du travail, vus en consultation dans deux grands hôpitaux d'Antananarivo. Résultats : Vingt virgule quarante-sept pour cent (20,47%) des cas de traumatismes oculaires vus en consultation relevaient d'un accident du travail. La population d'adultes jeunes était la plus concernée (29,77%) avec une prédominance du genre masculin (95,81%). Les soudeurs et les travailleurs en ouvrage métallique étaient les professions les plus en cause avec respectivement 20% et 15,81%. De manière générale, l'agent traumatisant était un corps étranger de nature métallique. Il s'agissait d'une atteinte unilatérale dans la plupart des cas. 4,65% des patients ont présenté des séquelles dont 3 éviscérations. Tous les accidents sont survenus sur le lieu de travail. Seuls 2,33% des travailleurs portaient des lunettes de protection. Conclusion : Une meilleure prévention par l'utilisation de lunettes de protection serait indispensable pour réduire les accidents. Le rôle préventif revient au médecin du travail

Profile of pediatric eye trauma at Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (HBDF), Brasília, Brazil / Perfil do trauma ocular pediátrico no Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (HBDF), Brasília, Brasil

Summary Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of ocular trauma in children at the HBDF emergency department. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. We evaluated 103 cases of ocular trauma in children less than 15 years between July 2012 and January 2013. The factors evaluated through semi-structured questionnaire available online were: age, gender, adult supervision, mechanism, type of trauma, time and place, site and nature of injury, visual acuity, need for hospitalization and/or surgery, type of surgery, mother’s level of education, and family income. Results: The average age of patients studied was 7.5 years. Boys (68%) predominate in all age groups. Blunt trauma prevailed (55.3%), followed by open (20%). Most of the cases occurred at home, 14 to 20 hours before seeking hospital care. The most common causes were: wood, stone, bicycle, broken glass, and falls. The cornea was affected in 54%. Visual acuity was ≥20/40 in 68.9%. Primary repair of the eye wall was indicated in 70.37% (p-value=0.022). Open traumas were more severe (p-value=0.005) and had more need for intervention (p-value=0.000). The injuries occurred despite the presence of adult supervision in 54% (p-value=0.002). The most severe injuries predominated in the age range 7-15 years (p=0.001). Conclusion: Ocular trauma was more frequent among boys. The mechanisms of injury are the most diverse, and prevail at home. Blunt trauma prevails, but the visual impact is due to open trauma. Programs of prevention and education on child ocular trauma are needed.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico do trauma ocular infantil na urgência do HBDF. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo. Avaliaram-se 103 casos de trauma ocular em menores de 15 anos entre julho de 2012 e janeiro de 2013, por meio de aplicação de questionário semiestruturado disponível online: idade, sexo, presença de supervisão, mecanismo, tipo do trauma, local e hora, sítio e natureza da injúria, acuidade visual, necessidade de internação e/ou cirurgia, tipo de cirurgia, escolaridade materna e renda familiar. Resultados: a média de idade dos pacientes analisados foi 7,5 anos. Os meninos (68%) predominaram em todas as faixas etárias. O trauma fechado prevaleceu (55,3%), seguido do aberto (20%). A maioria dos casos ocorreram em casa, no período de 14 às 20 horas. As causas mais comuns foram: madeira, pedra, bicicleta, caco de vidro e quedas. A córnea foi acometida em 54%. A acuidade visual foi ≥20/40 em 68,9%. Indicou-se sutura primária da parede em 70,37% (p-valor=0,022). O trauma mais grave (p-valor=0,005) e que mais necessitou de intervenção (p-valor=0,000) foi o aberto. As injúrias ocorreram, apesar da presença de supervisão de um adulto, em 54% (p-valor=0,002). Os traumas mais graves predominaram entre 7-15 anos (p-valor=0,001). Conclusão: o trauma ocular infantil foi mais frequente nos meninos. Os mecanismos de lesão são os mais diversos e predominaram no domicílio. O trauma fechado prevaleceu; porém, o maior impacto visual decorreu do trauma aberto. São necessários programas de prevenção e educação em trauma ocular infantil.

Trauma ocular na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu / Ocular trauma at the Botucatu medical school

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os traumas oculares graves atendidos em um hospital universitário e que demandaram internação. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo envolvendo 303 portadores de trauma ocular grave atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, entre Janeiro de 1998 até Dezembro de 2008 e que necessitaram internação. Foram avaliadas as variáveis demográficas, as causas dos acidentes, os fatores envolvidos, a acuidade visual inicial e final, assim como os procedimentos realizados. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: No período ocorreram 307 traumas oculares graves que foram internados e operados, com maior frequência entre 26 e 40 anos de idade (26%) e do sexo masculino (82%). A maioria dos casos entre os adultos decorreu de acidentes de trabalho ou de trânsito e em crianças, em ambiente de lazer ou doméstico. A córnea foi o local mais afetado (75%) e a zona I foi a mais atingida (82%). O trauma perfurante foi o mais frequente e o agente causal principal foi o vidro (18%), acometendo principalmente os lavradores (41%). A grande maioria dos portadores de trauma ocular atendidos não usava equipamentos de segurança. Após a cirurgia, a AV se manteve abaixo de 0,1 em 48% dos acometidos. O tempo entre o trauma e o tratamento influenciou o prognóstico visual. Conclusão: O trauma ocular grave permanece como uma importante causa de morbidade e cegueira monocular prevenível. O tratamento cirúrgico bem conduzido pode minimizar o prejuízo para a função visual, devendo ser reforçada a necessidade de medidas de prevenção.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate serious eye trauma requiring admission for treatment at a university hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 303 patients with severe ocular trauma who required hospitalization at the Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu - Unesp, from January 1998 to December 2008. Demographic data were evaluated and also the causes of accidents, factors involved, initial and final visual acuity (VA) as well as the procedures performed. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: Three hundred and seven severe eye traumas were admitted for surgery, most commonly affecting subjects between the ages of 26 and 40 (26%) who were male (82%). The trauma affecting adults occurred due to work or traffic accidents and in children, during leisure time or in the domestic environment. The cornea (75%) and area I (82%) was the most affected place. A penetrating trauma was most frequent, and the main causal agent was glass (18%), mainly affecting farmers (41%). The majority of the affected patients were not wearing protective equipment at the time of the ocular trauma. After surgery, the AV remained below 0.1 in 48% of affected individuals. The time between trauma and treatment influenced the visual prognosis. Conclusion: Severe eye trauma remains an important cause of morbidity and preventable monocular blindness. Although the severity of the ocular traumas, surgical treatment that is well conducted can minimize the damage to visual function and should reinforce the need for preventive measures.

Avaliação dos traumas oculares relacionados à queda da própria altura em idosos / Evaluation of ocular trauma related to falling in elderly patients

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar casos de trauma ocular relacionados à queda da própria altura em idosos e comparar a prevalência e gravidade dos atendimentos. Métodos: Foi realizado uma série de casos em 52 pacientes com 60 anos ou mais dentro do período de 36 meses, compreendido entre janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2014, com história de trauma ocular relacionado à queda da própria altura, onde foi avaliada a prevalência conforme o sexo, necessidade de internação e de cirurgia, sequela visual e a gravidade dos casos. Resultados: Trinta e três (63,5%) dos 52 pacientes eram do sexo feminino, sendo 30,3% desses com necessidade cirúrgica e 18,2% com sequelas visuais, outros 19 (36,5%) eram do sexo masculino, sendo 42,1% desses com necessidade cirúrgica e 26,3% com sequelas visuais. Conclusão: Foi mais prevalente o atendimento de casos de trauma ocular relacionado à queda da própria altura em mulheres, mas a gravidade dos atendimentos foi maior nos homens.

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate ocular trauma cases related to falling in elderly patients e compare the prevalence and severity of the cases. Methods: A series of cases was made with 52 patients aging 60 or more within the period of 36 months presenting ocular trauma related to falling, whereas the prevalence between the gender, the need for hospitalization or surgery and subsequent visual deficit were evaluated, as well as the severity of the cases. Results: Thirty-three (63.5%) of 52 patients were from the female gender, over which 30.3% had need for surgery and 18.2% developed visual deficit and 19 (36.5%) were from the male gender where 42.1% needed surgery and 26.3% developed visual deficit. Conclusions: The study has shown a higher prevalence of cases in the female gender, although the severity was higher in the male gender.

Caracterización de los traumatismos oculares severos en la infancia / Characterization of severe ocular traumas in childhood

Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente el trauma ocular severo en edad pediátrica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de serie de casos, en pacientes pediátricos que ingresaron por trauma ocular severo, atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias y Oftalmología Pediátrica del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer de enero a diciembre del 2010. La muestra fue de 63 pacientes menores de 19 años de edad, de ambos sexos. Se analizaron diferentes variables demográficas (edad, sexo), y epidemiológicas: evento traumático, agudeza visual grados según puntaje del trauma ocular OTS, tipo de lesión (globo abierto o cerrado) y zona afectada. Resultados: el 81 por ciento fueron varones, y predominó el grupo de edad entre 5 y 9 años (38,1 por ciento ). Hubo un predominio de los traumas cerrados sobre los de globo abierto. Los traumas cerrados se localizaron fundamentalmente en la Zona II, y los abiertos en la Zona I para un 94,3 y 67,8 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: el trauma ocular a globo cerrado particularmente las contusiones localizadas en la Zona II fueron los que más se presentaron. Con relación al pronóstico visual según los valores del OTS hubo gran similitud entre las diferentes categorías y el resultado visual final

Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the severe ocular trauma at pediatric ages. Methods: a retrospective and descriptive case series study was conducted in pediatric patients, who were admitted to emergency pediatric ophthalmology service of Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology due to severe ocular trauma from January to December 2010. The sample was made up of 63 patients less than 19 years of age of both sexes. The following demographic (age and sex) and epidemiological variables such as trauma event, visual acuity according to the ocular trauma score, type of lesion (open or close eyeball) and affected area were analyzed. Results: in this group, 81 percent were males and the predominant age group was 5 to 9 years (38.1 percent). Close eyeball trauma prevailed over open trauma, the former were mainly located in Zone II, whereas the latter were found in Zone I, accounting for 94.3 percent and 67.8 percent, respectively. Conclusions: ocular trauma of close eyeball-type, mainly contusions placed in Zone II, was the most frequent. As to the visual prognosis according to the ocular trauma scoring, there was great similarity between the different categories and the final visual outcome

Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los traumas oculares infantiles asistidos en Cuerpo de Guardia / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infant ocular traumas attended to in the emergency service

Objetivos: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente los traumas oculares en edad pediátrica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal con un total de 4 917 pacientes menores de 19 años, que acudieron por trauma ocular al cuerpo de guardia del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, de enero a diciembre de 2008. Los datos se tomaron de las hojas de cargo y se operacionalizaron variables de interés como edad, sexo, tipo de trauma, ojo afectado, reconsultas, días de la semana de la asistencia y meses del año. Se realizó una prueba de comparación de medias para dos grupos independientes con el 95 por ciento de confianza. Resultados: los traumas oculares representaron el 28,5 por ciento de todas las afecciones por las que consultaron los niños. El 59,9 por ciento fueron varones y predominó el grupo de 5 a 9 años 29,4 por ciento. La erosión corneal se destacó con un 45,47 por ciento de casos afectados. El 80,3 por ciento de los casos tuvo una sola reconsulta y se constató que la mayor asistencia de niños con trauma a este servicio ocurre los fines de semana y en los meses de curso escolar. Conclusiones: los traumatismos oculares representan una parte importante de los casos vistos en cuerpo de guardia, lo que sugiere que se deben reforzar las medidas de prevención en los niños escolares

Objective: to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of ocular trauma in children. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 917 patients younger than 19 years old, who presented with ocular trauma and were seen at the emergency service of Ramón Pando Ferrer, Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January to December, 2008. Data were taken from the service's register of patients and the analyzed variables were age, sex, type of trauma, most affected eye, number of re-consultations and days and months when the events occurred. Two independent groups were analyzed by using a test to compare means with statistical significance of 95 percent. Results: traumas represented 28.5 percent of all the ocular diagnoses. Males were 59.9 percent, the 5 to 9 years age group predominated (29.4 percent) and corneal erosion accounted for 45.47 percent of all the cases. In this study, 80.3 percent of patients went to the doctor's just once again. Eye trauma was more frequent on weekends and during the academic year months. Conclusions: pediatric ocular traumas account for a significant part of the patients who is attended to in the emergency service. This suggests that the implementation of preventive actions should be extended to protect school children

Caracterización de los pacientes con traumatismo ocular en el área de salud Julián Grimau / Characterization of patients with ocular trauma in Julián Grimau health area

Se efectuó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 65 pacientes con traumas oculares, pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario Julián Grimau de Santiago de Cuba, desde Junio del 2010 hasta igual mes del 2011, con vistas a identificar las principales características clinicoepidemiológicas de los afectados. En la serie predominaron las contusiones (32,3 por ciento), las heridas corneales (32,9 por ciento), las erosiones corneales (27,6 por ciento), así como las hemorragias subconjuntivales y los hifemas (23,7 por ciento, cada uno). Por tales razones se recomendó realizar estudios que reflejen la prevalencia e incidencia de la mencionada afección en esta provincia

An observational descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 65 patients with ocular trauma, belonging to the health area of Julián Grimau University Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, from June 2010 to the same month of 2011 with the purpose of identifying the main clinical and epidemiological characteristics of those affected. Contusions (32.3 percent), corneal wounds (32.9 percent) and corneal erosions (27.6 percent) prevailed in the series, as well as subconjunctival hemorrhage and hyphema (23.7 percent each). For these reasons it was recommended to carry out studies reflecting the prevalence and incidence of the condition in this province

Paediatric ocular trauma admissions to the University Hospital of the West Indies 2000-2005 / Ingresos por trauma ocular pediátrico en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies 2000-2005

PURPOSE: To assess the epidemiology of paediatric ocular trauma presenting to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, between January 2000 and December 2005. METHODS: Retrospective review of all paediatric patients (< 16 years old) admitted with ocular trauma in the UHWI trauma database. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-seven patients were admitted with ocular trauma during the study period, 36.5% of admissions were < 16 years old. Males comprised 69.6% (101/145) of the paediatric admissions. The mean age was 8.3 years (95% CI 7.2, 9.4) and 8.7 years (95% CI 7.9, 9.4) for the females and males, respectively. The commonest place of injury was in the home: 47.5% and 50% in males and females, respectively. Females were more likely to be involved in domestic disputes (4.8%). Stones (20.3%) were the most common causative agent of eye injury in children, only occurring in the 4-16-year old age group. The highest incidence for hospitalization of paediatric eye injury occurred in March and May, with the least admissions occurring in February. Contusions (48.3%) were the most common type of injury. Open globe injuries occurred in 35.9% of cases. Chemical burns were the least common type of injury. The admission period ranged from 1-58 days. The median hospitalization period was five days (95% CI 4.5, 6.0). CONCLUSION: Paediatric ocular injury can be age specific. Contusion was the most common ocular injury and males were more likely to be hospitalized than females. Epidemiological information is important in determining the burden of ocular disease in the population. It is also essential in planning improvement in health services and patient education for prevention of serious eye injuries.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la epidemiología del trauma ocular pediátrico en el Hospital Universitario de los Indias Orientales (UHWI), Jamaica, entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2005. MÉTODOS: Revisión retrospectiva de todos los pacientes pediátricos (<16 años de edad) ingresados con trauma ocular, según la base de datos del HUWI. RESULTADOS: Trescientos noventa y siete pacientes con trauma ocular fueron ingresados en el periodo bajo estudio; 36.5% de los ingresos tenían < 16 años de edad. Los varones comprendían el 69.6% (101/145) de los ingresos pediátricos. La edad promedio fue de 8.3 años (95% CI 7.2, 9.4) y 8.7 años (95% CI 7.9, 9.4) para las hembras y los varones, respectivamente. El lugar más común del accidente traumático fue la casa: 47.5% y 50% en los varones y las hembras, respectivamente. Las hembras presentaban una mayor probabilidad de estar involucradas en disputas domésticas (4.8%). Las piedras (20.3%) fueron el agente causante más común de la lesión del ojo en los niños, ocurriendo solamente en el grupo de 4-16 años de edad. La incidencia más alta de hospitalización por lesión ocular pediátrica ocurrió en marzo y mayo, siendo febrero el mes de menores ingresos. Las contusiones (48.3%) fueron el tipo más común de lesión. Las lesiones abiertas del globo ocular tuvieron lugar en 35.9% de los casos. Las quemaduras químicas fueron el tipo menos común de lesión. El periodo de ingreso osciló de 1-58 días. El periodo promedio de hospitalización fue de cinco días (95% CI 4.5, 6.0). CONCLUSIÓN: La lesión ocular pediátrica puede ser específica por edad. La contusión fue la lesión ocular más común, y la probabilidad de hospitalización fue más alta en los varones que en las hembras. La información epidemiológica es importante a la hora de determinar la carga de la enfermedad ocular sobre la población. También resulta fundamental cuando se trata de planificar el mejoramiento de nuestros servicios de salud y la educación de los pacientes para prevenir lesiones oculares serias.

Hospitalization trends in adult ocular trauma at the University Hospital of the West Indies / Tendencias de la hospitalización por trauma ocular adulto en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies

OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiology of ocular trauma in adult patients admitted to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, between January 2000 and December 2005. METHODS: Retrospective review of all adult patients admitted with ocular trauma in the UHWI trauma database. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-seven patients were admitted with ocular trauma during the study period; 35.8% of admissions with ocular trauma were < 16 years of age. There were 252 adults (>17 years old); 21.4% (54/252) were females and 78.6% (198/252) were males. The ratio of males to females was 3.7:1. The median age of the females and males was 32 years (95% CI 27, 35.9) and 33 years (95% CI 30, 35.0), respectively. The hospitalization period ranged from 1-283 days, mean 8.8 days in the males; and ranged from 1-39 days, mean six days in the females. March had the highest mean admissions over the six years. Severe chemical burns were the cause of the longest admissions. The most common place of injury was the home (30.2%) followed by in the street (28.2%); only 2% were from recreation. The most common cause of ocular injury was motor vehicle accident in 18.6%. The second most common cause was from nail hammering (14.3%); of this, 97.2% were male. Females (14.8%) were more commonly admitted from chemical injuries than males (11.1%). Of the females, 50% were due to domestic dispute and 50% were accidental bleach spills. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of ocular injury was motor vehicle accidents, nail hammering in males and chemical injuries in females. Epidemiological information is important in determining the burden of ocular disease on the population. It is essential in planning improvement in health services and patient education for prevention ofserious eye injuries.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la epidemiología del trauma ocular en pacientes adultos ingresados en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2005. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de todos los pacientes adultos ingresados por trauma ocular en el HUWI, de acuerdo con la base de datos de dicho centro hospitalario. RESULTADOS: Trescientos noventa y siete pacientes fueron ingresados con trauma ocular en el periodo del estudio; 35.8% de los ingresos por trauma ocular tenían <16 años de edad. Se trataba de 252 adultos (>17 años de edad); 21.4% (54/252) eran hembras y 78.6% (198/252) eran varones. La proporción de varones con respecto a las hembras fue 3.7:1. La edad promedio de hembras y varones fue 32 años (95% CI 27, 35.9) y 33 años (95% CI 30, 35.0), respectivamente. El periodo de hospitalización osciló de 1 - 283 días, con una media de 8.8 días para los varones; y fluctuó de 1-39 días, con una media de 6 días, para las hembras. Marzo presentó el mayor promedio de ingresos durante los seis años. Las quemaduras químicas severas constituyeron la causa de los ingresos de mayor estadía. El lugar más común de ocurrencia de las lesiones fue la casa (30.2%), seguido por la calle (28.2%); sólo 2% fueron lugares de recreación. La causa más común de lesión ocular fueron los accidentes motovehiculares en 18.6%. La segunda causa más común provino de martillar clavos (14.3%); de éstos, 97.2% fueron varones. Las hembras (14.8%) fueron más comúnmente ingresadas a causa de lesiones por sustancias químicas, en comparación con los varones (11.1%). De las hembras, 50% de los casos se debieron a disputas domésticas, y 50% a derramamientos accidentales de lejía. CONCLUSIÓN: La causa más común de la lesión ocular fueron los accidentes motovehiculares y el martilleo de clavos en los hombres, y las lesiones por sustancias químicas en las hembras. La información epidemiológica es importante a la hora de determinar la carga de las enfermedades oculares sobre la población. La misma es fundamental para planificar el mejoramiento de los servicios de salud y la educación de los pacientes en la prevención de lesiones oculares.